欧美+自拍+色,久久亚洲人成电影网

題庫解析 > 觀點對比型題型 >

本題由lindy提供

Years before the advent of plate tectonics—the widely accepted theory, developed in the mid-1960s, that holds that the major features

of Earth's surface are created by the horizontal motions of Earth's outer shell, or lithosphere—a similar theory was rejected by the geological community. In 1912, Alfred Wegener proposed, in a widely debated theory that came to be called continental drift, that Earth's continents were mobile. To most geologists today, Wegener’s The Origin of Continents and Oceans appears an impressive and prescient document, containing several of the essential presumptions underlying plate tectonics theory: the horizontal mobility of pieces of Earth's crust; the essential difference between oceanic and continental crust; and a causal connection between horizontal displacements and the formation of mountain chains. Yet despite the considerable overlap between Wegener’s concepts and the later widely embraced plate tectonics theory, and despite the fact that continental drift theory presented a possible solution to the problem of the origin of mountains at a time when existing explanations were seriously in doubt, in its day Wegener’s theory was rejected by the vast majority of geologists.

Most geologists and many historians today believe that Wegener's theory was rejected because of its lack of an adequate mechanical basis. Stephen Jay Gould, for example, argues that continental drift theory was rejected because it did not explain how continents could move through an apparently oceanic floor. However, as Anthony Hallam has pointed out, many scientific phenomena, such as the ice ages, have been accepted before they could be fully explained. The most likely cause for the rejection of continental drift—a cause that hasbeen largely ignored because we consider Wegener's theory to have been validated by the theory of plate tectonics—is the nature of the evidence that was put forward to support it. Most of Wegener's evidence consisted of homol0gies—similarities of patterns and forms based on direct observations of rocks in the field, supported by the use of hammers, hand lenses, and field notebooks. In contrast, the data supporting plate tectonics were impressively geophysical—instrumental| determinations of the physical properties of Earth garnered through the use of seismographs, magnetometers, and computers.

The author of the passage suggests that the most likely

explanation for the geological community's response to continental drift theory in its day was that the theory

A. was in conflict with certain aspects of plate tectonics theory
B. failed to account for how mountains were formed
C. did not adequately explain how continents moved through the ocean floor
D. was contradicted by the geophysical data of the time
E. was based on a kind of evidence that was considered insufficiently convincing

登錄申友雷哥GMAT，查看答案及解析

視頻解析

暫無視頻解析，點擊獲取更多視頻內容

文字解析

答案：

Logical Map(結

構圖) 1.Before the advent of the widely accepted theory, developed---a similar theory was rejected by the geological community. (1) 1912, Alfred Wegener (AW)proposed, in a widely debated theory ---continental drift---Earth's continents were mobile. (2)To most geologists today, AW’s( The Origin of Continents and Oceans )appears an impressive and prescient document, containing several of the essential presumptions underlying plate tectonics theory... (3) Yet despite the considerable overlap between AW’S concepts and the later widely embraced plate tectonics theory... in its day AW’S theory was rejected by the vast majority of geologists. 2. Most geologists and many historians today believe--- AW’s theory was rejected because lack---an adequate mechanical basis. (1) Stephen Jay Gould, argues that continental drift theory was rejected because it did not explain how continents could move through an apparently oceanic floor. (2)However, as Anthony Hallam has pointed out, many scientific phenomena---have been accepted---before they could be fully explained. The most likely cause for the rejection of continental drift---(ignore)because we consider AW’s theory to have been validated by the theory of plate tectonics—is the nature of the evidence--supports. (3) Most of AW’s evidence consisted of homologies(similarities of patterns and forms based on direct observations of rocks in the field)... (4)In contrast, the data (supporting plate tectonics) were impressively geophysical—instrumental| determinations of the physical properties of Earth garnered... 1.在廣泛被接受理論（即版塊構造學）出現之前，一個相似的理論被地質學界反對。 (1)1912年，AW在廣泛debated 理論（即大陸漂移說）提到：地球版塊是移動的。 (2)對大多數今天的地質學家來說,AW’s “關于海洋陸地起源”是一個impressive 和精確的文件，這里面包含了一些主要的(基于版塊構造學)假設...(后面有幾個假設) (3)然而：盡管有重疊存在于AW’s的觀點和廣泛持有的版塊構造理論之間,盡管大陸漂移說存在疑問；但是AW’s的理論在他的時代被大多數地質學家反對了。 2.大多數地質學家和歷史學家認為：AW’s的理論被反對的原因是：缺少精確的“力學基礎”。 (1)SJ 爭論：大陸漂移說被反對是以為它不能解釋版塊能夠移動通過一個透明的海洋層。 (2)然而：AH指出：許多科學現象被接受是在它們能夠被完全解釋清楚之前。反對版塊漂移說最可能的原因是（先前忽略掉的）我們考慮到AW’s理論被版塊構造學支持確認，一直都是我們用來支持它的證據。 (3)大多數AW’s證據是由同源性組成的（基于在巖石觀察領域類型，形式） (4)對比而言：支持版塊構造的數據是很偏地質物理的... 細節(jié)題，根據題干回到文章中：Before the advent of the widely accepted theory, developed---a similar theory was rejected by the geological community. Most geologists and many historians today believe--- AW’s theory was rejected because lack---an adequate mechanical basis. A.was in conflict with certain aspects 文章未提及 B. how mountains were formed 新說法 C. did not adequately explain how continents moved through the ocean floor這是SJ的觀點 D. geophysical data of the time 新說法 E. was based on a kind of evidence that was considered insufficiently convincing（第二段第一句話同義轉換）